The drill andblast method is now applicable to the construction of twin tunnels in an increasing number of cases. Drill and blast tunneling practices gerhard girmscheid1 and cliff schexnayder, f. Since every mining and construction site has its own char. Mtr shatin to central link construction construction. Mined tunnel construction with a tunnel boring machine tbm. The construction method drill and blast method, cut and cover method, tunnel boring or immersed tube tunnel to be adopted will depend on various factors, such as topography and geology, etc. Pdf drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method find, read and cite. The testing of the models showed that both of them produce credible results compared with the actual information collected from the real case study. The comparative attributes of these two general methods for excavating tunnels at depth in crystalline rock have been evaluated at the aspo hard rock laboratory hrl in sweden. Propose the requirements needed to execute tunnelling with the drillandblast method so that the edz is minimized and also. Other key terms used in this guide are defined at appendix b. Wire cutting as a complement to drill and blast in vibration sensitive.
Drill and blast tunnelling handbook of tunnel engineering. Models for the analysis of tunnelling construction processes. Before the blasting takes place, the drilling rig bores the drill holes determined in advance in a blasting plan in the foremst front wall of the tunnel working face. Blast plan a written procedure that details the methods and manner by which a project blaster will comply with pertinent laws, rules, regulations, and contract documents. The drill and blast method is used in hard rock where boring with a tbm is difficult. Directional drilling and tunneling drilling and excavation. Pdf drill and blast tunneling practices semantic scholar. Mar 28, 2018 types of tunnels shallowburiedtunnel or soft soil tunnel. Tunnel includes conventional demolition and construction methods to replace tunnel elements and rail systems. The other acceptable method was to use a tunnel boring machine. Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the.
This is fully water proof and can also be used in drift method. A tunnel boring machine tbm is used to drive and cut through the rock the waste material is transported to the back of the tbm for disposal. Ppt study and quantification of tunnel works by drilling. It was the primary means of tunneling through rock prior to the advent of tunnel boring machines. This is generally required for the hard rock where digging is not possible and was very common before the development of tunnel boring machines tbm. Oct 01, 2020 collapse is one of the main hazards during tunnel construction by the drill andblast method. Drill and blast tunneling practices ctt consulting gmbh. Japans first full tunneling construction of glassesshaped. Wellestablished construction methods are available to excavate such openings, involving the use of drilling and blasting techniques or of tunnel boring machines. The wire wears through the rock and is therefore a vibration. China advancements in tunneling and underground excavation.
Hence, more drilling and explosives are required per unit volume of rock to be fragmented in the case of tunnel blasting. By drill and blast we also have the possibility to be more flexible to adopt to varying profiles compared to a tbm tunnel that always gives a circular cross section. A second free face, called cut, is created initially during the blasting process and the efficiency of tunnel blast performance largely depends on the proper development of the cut. Thus, the prediction of optimum drilling angles is of great importance. Once the breakout material has been removed, a process known as mucking, tunnel support is applied in the form of shotcrete, anchors, lattice arches and reinforcement mats.
Tunnel quality is often defined in project description. Offers clear and accessible coverage of the state of the art in tunnel construction. The excavation is usually stabilized with rock bolts and shotcrete. Drilling blast holes and loading them with ex plosives. Isometric explainer animation for drill and blast tunneling method. Several tunnels and shafts will be built with a total length of 48. Tunnel construction methods and tunnel construction. The rock is thus more constricted in the case of tunneling and a second free face. In order to evaluate the collapse risk and provide a basis for risk control, a failure probability evaluation method for collapse of drill andblast tunnels based on the multistate fuzzy bayesian network is proposed in this paper. The clear crosssection, which is the free space of the tunnel, within the final lining, designed to. Oct 23, 20 the hardness, toughness and strength of the rock to be drilled determine the requirements for the drilling tools. Jul, 2005 proceed with the drill and blast method on this project.
For drilling the holes on tunnel face according to the blast des. Neversink tunnels drill and blast method out of the. The thesis is a part of a simulation project based on real and. Tunnel construction by a tbm begins with the excavation, then disposal of cuttings from. Drill and blast tunneling practices practice periodical. Tunnel blasting differs from bench blasting in that tunnels have only one free. Underground passage dug though hill, under road or river etc. The construction technique has focused on quick and cost effective excavation. Construction method of tunnel still water structure download pdf info. For singletube systems, the maximum distance between successive smokefree exist.
They are some 37 and 57 km long respectively with dual tunnels. These tunnel projects serve to illustrate the challenges and importance of drilling accuracy, the effect of geology, methods of vibration prediction. The drill and blast tunnel method is not always considered to be an option. Traditional drill and blast methods will be utilised on a total of onethird of tunnel work on the follo line project. A structural concrete liner is usually constructed inside the tunnel. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction. Drill and blast is generally used for larger, irregular shaped tunnels. Apr 08, 2020 methods of tunnel construction tunneling methods. Advancements in tunneling and underground excavation by drill. Drill and blast construction was evaluated in the project eireis, and has always been an acceptable construction method for this project. Today, the drill andblast method is still widely practiced and used in building tunnels through hard rock where the use of tunnel boring machines is not justified and too expensive. The drill and blast method is the common construction method for tunnel project in hong kong.
Mined tunnel construction using sequential excavation method sem. Tunnel boring machines excavate a constant cross section of tunnel usually circular, and the excavating head is not free to. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunne. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. A tunnel boring machine tbm is used to drive and cut through the rock the waste material is. It is the two alpine tunnels lotschberg and gotthardt. Drilling and blasting in the gric tunnel the basic characteristic of drilling and blasting in the gric tunnel are the following.
Like trenchless construction and horizontal directional drilling, drill and blast tunneling is a form of subsurface construction. This method begins with drilling the earth and using dynamite to blast the earth away. Information presented in this chapter and analyzed throughout this environmental impact statement eis is based on conceptual engineering 10 percent design and is likely to evolve. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction process are. Construction work carried out in or near a tunnel or associated excavation is high risk construction work under the whs regulations. The result shows that, drilling and blasting method is used for construction. Drill and blast will be used for all cross connections between the two tunnel bores, access tunnels to the main tunnel, a large mountain hall for construction work and a tunnel to the ostfold line. Prel minary design work is presented for a combined drilling, loading, shooting, v. The advancement of long tunnels through hard rock well before tunnel boring machines tbms were invented relied entirely on the drill andblast method. The west island line tunnel between sai ying pun and kennedy town is constructed with the drill and blast method. Blasting gelatine used for blasting very hard and tough heading and bench method. Usd 54 m construction time frame 052001 ca 122005 project status 112003 under construction authors mandate contractors support for osh figure 18.
However, the safety concerns are totally difference between substructure. Drill and blast has been the preferred technique, but also tunnel boring machine tbm drilling has been used. Comparison of mechanical excavation and drilling and blasting. Drill and blast techniques are the most conventional and common method. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction process are optimized and considered as a system of sequential and parallel activities.
Neversink tunnels drill and blast method out of the archiv. The different types of drilling patterns generally used are wedge cut parallel holes burn cut method the tunnel driving methods can be divided as full face tunneling method top heading and benching method depending upon the area of cross section the above methods can be finalised for tunnels generally smaller than 60. In drill and blast tunnelling, clearance of the muck lies on the critical path, which means that each minute saved here shortens the round cycle and thus the overall construction time. Engineering geological assessments of a tunnel for the.
Blasting tunnels is a necessity in all underground mining operations. Bored tunnelling is a method used for long stretches of tunnel. In the world of underground construction, there are two main methods for the excavation of tunnels in rock. This leads to speculation as to whether the machine will com pletely replace the older and more conventional method of tunnel excavation. Japans first full tunneling construction of glasses.
The complete obsolescence of underground drilling and. The first category includes all drillandblast and manual methods, and. Rockexcavationhandbooktunneling mining and blasting. Depending on the length of the tunnel, the rock conditions and the proximity to critical structures, tunneling by drill and blast hand mining can be accomplished as safely as the tbm method yet can be more economical. The blast holes are drilled first, then loaded with explosives and finally, the explosion takes place.
In the case of a tunnel blast, the first requirement is to create a void into which rock broken by the blast can expand. Special tunnel blasting techniques for railway projects. Pdf drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. There are many tunnel construction projects in hong kong recently such as mtr, western portion at hong kong island and wanchai ferry extension.
Such information can be used in real projects by the project manager to make decisions as to what excavation method or resources to use. Move your cursor over different colour sections to view more details of the construction methods. It is not only based on the site enviroment, ground conditions, time frameprogramme but also the budget. In large civil construction tunnels, rock quality is used to specify opening sizes, excavation method, round length, and ground support requirements. Jp4108460b2 construction method of tunnel still water. Introduces the essentials of design and construction of many types of tunnels, including tbm, epb, roadheader, natm, drill and blast, and soft ground tunneling. Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics. However, the safety concerns are totally difference between substructure and basement projects. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. The advantage of integrating the logistic backup systems facilitates an increase in performance. Austrian method drill and blast or tunnelling with a tbm tunnel boring machine.
Other conventional forms of underground mining, including drill andblast construction. Tunnel construction methods and tunnel construction projects. Tunneling in rock by drilling and blasting 1st edition alex spath. Here white paper cylinders are inserted into the 68 loaded drill holes in order to show their exact position prior to blasting. Machine was much faster than drill and blast method for 3 km long tunnel. The stages for drilling and blasting are predetermined. Vibration control in urban drill and blast tunneling theseus. Mechanical methods can be split further to partial face e. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, ozgur satici published drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation. During the construction of the brenner base tunnel, the transportation of the. Drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. Ad757 114 study of a1 continuous drill and blast tunneling. Drill and blast tunneling practices practice periodical on.
Method, observational method, sprayed concrete lining scl, conventional tunneling working group 19 of ita referred to as sem in federal highway administration fhwa technical manual for design and construction of road tunnels chapter 9 first publication of a tunnel design manual by fhwa. Although susceptible to risks, tunnels will always be required for many different purposes, but detailed risk identification can result in a more efficient method of construction and avoid the. Like other tunnel construction during this period, the neversink diversion tunnel utilized the drill and blast method. The more solid the rock, the more explosives are required.
May 24, 2017 drill and blast tunneling is a method of excavation involving the controlled use of explosives to break rock. The white lines were superimposed upon the photograph to show the break areas for the numbered blast delays. A failure probability evaluation method for collapse of drill. This is the code of practice for tunnels under construction. However, in short tunnels, for large cross sections, cavern construction, crossovers, cross passages, shafts, penstocks, etc. A failure probability evaluation method for collapse of. In norway, the method of tunneling has been developed for road systems with moderate traffic density levels. The rock is thus more constricted in the case of tunneling and a second free face has to be. Annex case study on tunnels european commission europa. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Emergency storage project lake hodges projects update meeting.
727 727 912 313 778 1360 373 470 975 452 1178 767 924 598 363 1487 927 1531 246 332 351 276 1104 608 1347 680 76 863 114 1090